Embonini yezokwelapha, izingxenye ezinokwethenjelwa nge-elektroniki ezinokwethenjelwa ziyadingeka kumadivayisi ahlukahlukene - ezisukela ezinhlelweni ezitholayo, njengemishini ye-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imishini yokuthola iziguli, ama-pacematerable we-pacemater kanye nama-cactibrester-defibrillators (ICDS ).
Isifuba se-X-ray noma isithombe se-X-ray sesifuba sabantu ngokubekwa kwe-pacemaker noma ama-pacemaker we-cardiac wokulawula inhliziyo ku-arrhythmia yesiguli. Bheka umqondo.
Ngenkathi esebusweni, imishini yokuxilonga namadivayisi angenakufinyeleleka ahluke kakhulu, onjiniyela bakagesi abasebenza kula madivayisi babelana ngezinselelo eziningi ezifanayo. Lokhu kufaka ukukhetha izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi eziphephile ze-FIEAFE ze-EFRIME ezenzelwe ukwethenjwa kwemali kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abahlinzeki abahlinzeki bangahlangabezana namazinga athile athile embonini.
Noma ngabe yini le divayisi, uma lezi zinkinga zingaphezulu kakhulu kanye nengxenye eklanyelwe izinhlelo zezokwelapha ezisetshenzisiwe, kungahle kube nokulungiswa okubizayo noma ukwehluleka okuyinhlekelele okungadinga ukuhlinzwa okuhlaselayo okudingayo.
Izingxenye eziphezulu
Abakhiqizi bedivaysi yezokwelapha balawulwa yizinhlangano ezifana nenhlangano yamazinga aphesheya kanye nokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa yase-US ukuze kugcinwe izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuthembela. Ngenkathi inhloso yalezi zinhlangano ukusetha amazinga okuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivaysi ezokwelapha agcina izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokwethenjwa, umthwalo akufanele uwele kuphela kubaqambi bedivayisi yezokwelapha.
Esikhundleni salokho, abaklami bedivaysi kufanele baqiniseke ukuthi izilawuli eziqinile ezibekwe kubo ukwakheka, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwakhiwa kwalawa madivayisi nazo zihlangatshezwa ngabathengisi abazikhethayo zezakhi ezifana nama-capacitors ahlukahlukene we-ceramic (MLCCS) ama-capacitors.
Isibonelo, ukuthuthukisa idivaysi edinga ukusebenza ngama-voltages aphezulu, njenge-ICD esebenza ngo-600V noma nge-900V, izingxenye zidinga ukwakhiwa futhi zihlolwe ukumelana nama-voltages ajwayelekile wedivayisi. Umqambi wedivaysi yezokwelapha edinga ukubandakanya abahlinzeki ezingxoxweni zokukhethwa kwengxenye futhi bacace ngokuphelele ngezidingo zamandla kagesi.
Ngokwengeziwe, ukuvikela ukwethenjwa, umklami kufanele aqiniseke ukuthi umphakeli wenza izivivinyo ezivuthayo emazingeni okushisa avuthayo kanye namazinga okushisa ahlolwe ngo-100% ahlolwe ngogesi futhi ahlolwe ngokubonakalayo ukuze avumelane nezinqubo zokusebenza okuqinile.
Izinselelo Zokulawula
Ngaphezu kokuvimbela ukwehluleka kwedivaysi ngokukhetha umphakeli okunikezelwe ekuhlinzekeni izingxenye ezithe xaxa embonini yezokwelapha, abaqambi bedivayisi yezokwelapha badinga ukuqiniseka izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi abazisebenzisayo zihambisana nokucaciswa kwezincazelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Ukucaciswa okubili okuyinhloko kwezinto eziningi zezokwelapha ziyi-mil-prf-55681 neMil-Prf-123.
Ngase-Essence, Mil-Prf-55681 ukucaciswa okusetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wamadivayisi angenakuqhathaniswa. Kuchaza i-dieectric ephakathi nendawo eqokwe njenge-BX. Ukucaciswa kweMil-Prf-123 kuhlanganisa izidingo ezijwayelekile zokwethenjwa okuphezulu, inhloso ejwayelekile (BX kanye ne-br dielectric), kanye nokushisa kwe-dielectric (bp kanye bg) amadivaysi e-ceramic dialeds ama-dollandis nama-surving-fur amadivayisi.
Kanye nokuqonda ngokuphelele kwalezi zindinganiso ezimbili, futhi noma yibaphi abanye abangase badingeke isicelo esithile, umphakeli udinga izinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukusebenza, ukuhlolwa kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi. Kudinga futhi ukuhlinzeka ngemibhalo, efana nemidwebo yokulawula umthombo (ama-SCD) alawula zonke izici zezakhi ezinikezwe. Lokhu kungukubucayi, nokho okwenziwe okunganakwa, okuyingxenye yenqubo yokuqamba. Ama-SCDS ahlinzeka ngencazelo yobunjiniyela, iziqu kanye nenqubo yokwamukelwa kokulethwa kwezinto ezikhethekile zezicelo ezibucayi. Lolu hlobo lwemibhalo lungenza kube lula ngabakhiqizi bedivayisi ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana namazinga nemigomo efanelekile efana neMil-55681 neMil-123.
I-EMI kumadivayisi afakiwe
Ngale kwalezi zinhloko zezimboni ezibanzi zokuthembela ngokuthembela, kukhona ezinye izinselelo ezikhethekile zohlelo lokusebenza lwezokwelapha.
Isibonelo, namuhla kunemithombo eminingi ye-Electromagnetic Ukuphazanyiswa kwe-Electromagnetic (EMI) okungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwamadivayisi wezokwelapha angenakufinyeleleka. Lokhu kungafaka ukulahla isigqi se-pacemaker noma kubangele i-ICD yabona amanga ngokungemthetho, ukuthumela ukushaqeka okungadingekile.
Ukuqeda i-EMI futhi unciphise lezi zingozi, abaklami bedivayisi yezokwelapha bangasebenzisa isihlungi se-Feedthrough esenziwe nge-plan-urer parast noma i-capacitor ye-discoidal. Lezi zihlungi ze-feedrough zisetshenziswa endaweni yokuxhuma ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umsindo ongafuneki, njenge-EMI, uyaqedwa, ukuvimbela izindaba ezinjenge-voltage spikes.
Le ndlela yokuhlunga i-EMI ifaka i-capacitor ebunjiwe njenge-donut enezinto ezithwala amasiginali adlula ngqo i-capacitor. Ingaphandle leCapacitor linamathiselwe esihlangu se-EMI, esakha ikheji laseFaraday elizungeze umjikelezo ovikelekile. Ngalezi zihlungi ezibekwe odongeni lwe-Fature Cage, noma yiziphi izintambo ezingenayo noma eziphumayo zizodlula ezihlungi, ezizohlunga imvamisa ephezulu eqhutshwa ukuphazamiseka, ngenkathi i-Faturay Cage ivikela ukuphazamiseka okubunjiwe (isithombe 1).
Ama-electrodes avundlile ngaphakathi kweCapacitor asebenza njengezandiso odongeni lweCage Fage, olungaphumela ekusebenzeni kahle kakhulu kwezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu. Ama-feedths ahlungiwe anokumelana okulinganayo kochungechunge kanye nokuphikiswa okulinganayo kochungechunge, futhi angabekwa uphawu lwe-hermetically esikhundleni sokuvalwa nge-resin. Lezi zihlungi zenzelwe amadivayisi aphezulu noma aphansi ama-voltage.
Izakhi zemishini ye-MRI
Imishini ye-MRI nayo yonke imishini yezokwelapha esetshenziswa kuzo, njengamadivayisi wokuqapha iziguli, idinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile. Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu abaklami bedivaysi yezokwelapha abangena kwimishini ye-MRI ukuthi zonke izingxenye ezisetshenziswe noma ezizungeze umshini azikwazi ukukhombisa noma yiziphi izibuthe. Lokhu kuyinselele ngoba i-MLCC ejwayelekile ingaqukatha i-electrode yensimbi eyenziwe nge-nickel, noma i-eclectric kanye ne-electrode ingasebenzisa ukuqeda izithiyo ze-nickel ukuvikela ukuqondiswa kwezimbumbu ezinqabeni - nokho i-nickel yi-ferromagnetic.
Ukwakha ukunqanyulwa kwe-MLCC okuthembekile nokuzinzile okungekho emthethweni, abahlinzeki balinganiselwe ezintweni zokwakha abangazisebenzisa. Izinketho ezimbili ezinconyiwe zifaka phakathi ukuqedwa kwe-Palladium (AGPD) okuqediwe noma ungqimba lweCopper Carrier. Ngenkathi ukunqanyulwa kwe-AgPD kuyindlela enhle, kuthambekele ku-solder leach, okungaholela ezindabeni zokusebenza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isithiyo sethusi ngeke zibe nezinkinga ezinomoya oxakile, kepha zingasengathi sithambekele ku-oxidisation kanye nokugqwala. Kodwa-ke, kuyahambisana nezinketho ezingenamsebenzi eziholayo nezijwayelekile futhi kubiza kakhulu kune-AGPD.
Esinye isidingo lapho ukuqeda amabutheti ukusebenzisa ama-dopants angewona amazibuthe, noma izengezo, kuma-dielectrics we-ceramic. Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlukile kwezinto kungasetshenziswa ukudala izakhiwo eziqondile ze-dielectric futhi ususe uMagnetism, kepha lokho kungakhawulela amabanga atholakalayo.
Akunandaba noma hlobo luni lwedivaysi yezokwelapha eyenzelwe khona, kungenzeka ukuthi liba lincane futhi linamandla amakhulu ngesizukulwane ngasinye.Lokhu akushintshi isidingo sabaqambi bedivaysi bahlangabezane nezidingo kanye nemigomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini izogcina ukuthembeka kwempilo yonke.
Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi izingxenye ezikhethiwe ze-elekthronikhi zingeke zibe imbangela yezinkinga ngedivaysi ekuhambeni kwesikhathi, kuwumkhuba omuhle kubakhiqizi ukuthi babonane nomenzi wezempi okhethekile ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokwakhiwa ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokwakhiwa ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokwakha.Abahlinzeki abasuvele bajwayele ukuphatha ubunzima obukhona ngokuthembela okuphezulu, izicelo zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu zihlomele kahle ukuhlinzeka ngamabhulokhi wokwakha ama-elekthronikhi azoqinisekisa ukuthi noma iyiphi idivaysi yezokwelapha yakhelwe ukuthi izogcina.
